99.9% of what is being requested here is AngularJS specific. An API, be it consumed by a client side JS app or any other app doesn't really change much if at all, especially if you use JSON Web Tokens rather than sessions and cookies.
AngularJS is every bit as popular in the client side JS community as Laravel is in the PHP community, probably more so. There are a great number of resources dedicated to teaching AngularJS, though admittedly, not always with Jeffrey's clarity of delivery!
Search Google and Youtube, you'll find a huge number of tutorials on AngularJS, many that include Laravel on the back end like this one: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18ifoT-Id54
http://ngmodules.org/ is a great source for ready made modules for AngularJS! Regarding security on the AngularJS side, take a close look at the HTTP-Auth-Interceptor module, when it receives a not authorized response it caches your recent requests, prompts the user to login, and upon success automatically reruns the previous requests! You can find a demo here: http://witoldsz.github.io/angular-http-auth/
Honestly, this is a oft requested tutorial here on Laracasts, and as much as I would love to see Jeffrey's take on it it is about as off topic as requesting a tutorial on building back end API's in Laravel on a AngularJS focused site.