You can create joins in the model. https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/eloquent-relationships#one-to-many
Something like in your familias model
public function afirmacoes()
{
return $this->hasMany('App\Afirmacoes', 'idFam', 'id')->where('idStart', '<>', '');
}
And your query.
$result = \App\familias->with('afirmacoes');
Not tested but hope you know how to make joins