I have played a little with Vuetify, Vue components these last days...and I dont' use for the moment vue-router for my project...I create the template with blade...and use standard routes...but.... you can call lavarel routes from a component adding some options like that....
<v-btn raised tag="a" href="{{ URL::route('YOURLARAVELROUTE') }}" class="indigo--text" >
My Button
</v-btn>
so tag="a" and href=yourLaravelRoute
that runs well for me, I asked to the https://gitter.im/vuetifyjs/Lobby chat...So I expect it is the same with your components from your Vue framework or maybe you will get some idea