No, artisan is not supposed to do the heavy lifting. It is however supposed to scaffold a base test case which you can extend.
Your helper is not working most likely because it is interacting with the IoC container. If you take a closer look inside of the "Bare" TestCase Laravel provides out of the box, you can see that it creates an application instance each time a test class is run.
You won't "lose" any functionality because if you take a look at 2 classes deeper:
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase as BaseTestCase;
It is being extended by Tests\TestCase anyway, ie. Laravel's test suite is based upon PHPUnit.
You would however miss very handy assertion methods the Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase class provides if you'd not extend that as your base test case.