Suppose I could add <script> tags into my username. When another user sees a screen that includes a list of users (eg posts on this page), then that script tag could be running in the browser. So now the attacker can pretend to be another unsuspecting user. This could for instance allow someone to post comments as that user (or worse)
Laravel protects against XSS by escaping html tags when outputting strings IF you use the {{ }} blade tags.
On the otherhand, if you use {!! !!} then the content of the username field is echoed to the browser in its raw format with no escaping.
What is worse in this case is that {!! '@'.$user->name !!} is no different to {{ '@' . $user->name }} except that it exposes you to XSS attacks.