It seems like the issue is with the way the URLs are being generated. On your local machine, the URL is being generated without the "/storage/" prefix, while on the production machine, the URL requires the "/storage/" prefix.
One solution to this problem is to use the Laravel helper function asset() to generate the URLs for your images. This function will automatically add the "/storage/" prefix when running on the production machine, and will generate the URL without the prefix when running on your local machine.
Here's an example of how you can use the asset() function to generate the URL for your image:
<img src="{{ asset('articles/images/3f0b45e2-2876-4d09-a671-aef6edea0311.jpg') }}" alt="Article Image">
This code will generate the correct URL for your image, regardless of whether you're running on your local machine or on the production machine.
If you're still having issues, you may want to check your server configuration to ensure that the symlink was created correctly. You can also try running the php artisan storage:link command again to recreate the symlink.