Try leaving the timezone in Laravel to UTC and once the date is parsed on the frontend, it should do the timezone conversions automatically and show the correct time.
Alternatively, you can use the toJson() method on Carbon to convert a date to UTC, then pass it into your frontend.
$date = Carbon\Carbon::now()->toJSON();
// 2022-04-19T17:27:44.244333Z the "Z" means "UTC"
On the frontend when you do new Date('2022-04-19T17:27:44.244333Z') it should convert it correctly to your local timezone.