I have tens of millions of rows in a real estate app containing property data for most of the larger markets in the US. Some pages have more than 80 queries to get all of the data for a single property. It takes less than 700ms to do that. Your problem is most likely an unoptimized database. Missing indexes on fields that are used in where statements, and order by statements, or foreign key fields (user_id in profile table type stuff), etc.
There is a lot to know about db optimization, which laravel can't help you with (beyond you setting up the proper indexes in your migrations). You can't just have the default id field be indexed.
So, I second @snapey when he suggests to install the laravel debugbar, and enable the explain function for queries, which will give you more info on why it takes so long: https://github.com/barryvdh/laravel-debugbar/blob/master/config/debugbar.php#L144
I'd highly suggest watching this tutorial on query optimization via indexing. He uses laravel and shows in realtime the difference as he adds the indexes, and explains why they are necessary and also drawbacks in certain scenarios. https://serversforhackers.com/laravel-perf/mysql-indexing-one