Level 88
In Laravel you can simply do this in your controller or using a middleware. You can for example make a config file and list all routes you want to cache. Whenever a routes hit you have a middleware that will check if there is a cached version and server that response, if not let it serve the original backend way. For caching the route you can use another middleware. It's called termination middleware, basically a middleware action that is performed on the full response. This way you can store it in the cache.
So I think a middleware is the way to go here ;)
On server level you have a lot of tools for that. The one I prefer is varnish. This runs just before your server so it should be able to return a cached version.
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