For routines table you need to insert only name and type. so you should do something like
{!! Form::open(['route' => 'view_routine']) !!} // i strongly recommend changing view_routine to something else e.g store
<div class="form-group">
{!! Form::label('type', 'Type') !!}
{!! Form::select('type', ['Aerobic' => 'Aerobic', 'Anaerobic' => 'Anaerobic'],null ,['class' => 'form-control']); !!}
</div>
<div class="form-group">
{!! Form::label('name', 'Name') !!}
{!! Form::text('name', null, ['class' => 'form-control postcode', 'placeholder' => 'Name']) !!}
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<button type="submit" name="submit" class="submit btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</div>
{!! Form::close() !!}
then in your controller you can just do this
$routine = Routine::create(Request::all());
what you have now is a form inside another form and you have one button for the nested form that post nothing to save_routine that is why you r getting null given error.
i suggest you get your form working first then worry about your script and keep your script away from your form