What logs did you look in? Have you checked your webserver logs and php_errors? I suspect t the issue is related to something like the php memory limit being exceeded.
If you try changing you route to
$router->get('/', function () use ($router) {
ini_set('memory_limit','-1'); // turn off memory limit
return json_encode("*insert large content here*");
}
If this works then you need to change your php.ini setting for memory limit to something more appropriate. Depending on the size of you data you may also need to tweak some webserver settings