\Log::info();Log::debug() are working in jobs. Make sure that if you use Linux that your files have the same owner as the webserver is running under, e.g. www-data.
It doesn't has to do with what for a QUEUE_DRIVER you're using
if you start it from the command line then it uses whatever account you are logged in as. this account might not have write access if the logfile is owned by www-data and permissions are 644