Well, it's not the exact question.
The easy answer is "to convert to lowercase a string".
But...
What is this for? Str::lower('LARAVEL');
If we have already PHP... strtolower('LARAVEL');
Easy answer is "if you don't like it don't use that helper" ... ok, thank you ;-) I will sleep well tonight ... but I want to know if there's something I miss to understand the existence of some helpers, like for example Str::lower.
I've seen a lot of helpers that basically does the SAME than the original PHP function.
Str::lower('LARAVEL') under the hood becomes mb_strtolower('LARAVEL', 'UTF-8') which will convert all UTF-8 characters to lowercase (e.g. Polish language characters).
And, adding a few lower, upper, length etc. won't hurt. It makes code clear, easy to write and consistent.
Similarly, PHP functions can be confusing. Example we use str_starts_with but for lower case we are provided with strtolower not str_to_lower. While, Str::lower and Str::startsWith is consistent.