It would be better to check phpinfo rather than php.ini. Depending on how php is installed/setup, the extensions might not get loaded straight from php.ini. Typically there is another dir like conf.d or something where the plugins are loaded from.
create this route:
Route::get('/phpinfo', function() {
phpinfo();
});
and then visit it in the browser. It will create an html page with everything your php has installed and is using. Search for "fileinfo".
Once you're done, delete that route. It's a security risk to leave that enabled.
If fileinfo really isn't installed, we'd have to know more about your system. Like the OS, version, etc., along with the version of php you have installed.