Create a scheduled command which executes your query; the scheduler api is very intuitive. You will need to run a single cron task to run the scheduler.
If the task is as simple as you are showing above, then a Closure command would be enough:
@gianmarx if you look into the app/Console/Kernel.php file, you will see that the method is already present with the Laravel installation, and is protected, and is called by the parent ConsoleKernel class, hence protected and not private.