Hello,
Good idea to split the backend and the frontend if you need to keep the door open for mobile applications.
You need to work in API mode in the backend.
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Sanctum or Passport ? It depends on your needs, in most cases Sanctum is a great solution.
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VueJS for the frontend is also a good idea, are there specific plugins you would use ? It depends on your needs, but I think that VueJS router is essential.
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Are there specific security issues ? Yes if you send sensitive informations, you must be aware of what datas you serialize before sending them to the frontend.
You can develop APIs in the backend and progressively migrate all the code from the controller to the API controllers (often not so much work to do).
For the web application frontend, you can keep VueJS in the same environment than Laravel, so you will have an easy integration of VueJS and no trouble with authentication.
So for the mobile application, you will have the APIs already ready to work and just have to develop the mobile application frontend.
If you want to develop the mobile application with React Native, it's perhaps a better choice to use React wor the web application.
If you need more details, please tell me ;).
V