You should load the client-side socket JS library from your node server, rather than from a cdn. socketio will automagically serve the client JS file for you.
<script src="http://[serverip]:3000/socket.io/socket.io.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script>
var socket = io('http://[serverip]:3000');
// do stuff
</script>
[serverip] obviously should be the domain or IP your node server is running on.
You may also need to set access control headers, I think this ought to work:
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "X-Requested-With");
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type");
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "PUT, GET, POST, DELETE, OPTIONS");
next();
});