The error message indicates that the "owner_id" field in the "properties" table does not have a default value. This means that when you try to insert a new record into the "properties" table, you need to provide a value for the "owner_id" field.
One solution is to update your migration file to set a default value for the "owner_id" field. For example, you could set the default value to null:
$table->foreignId('owner_id')->nullable()->constrained('users');
Alternatively, you could update your code to always provide a value for the "owner_id" field when inserting a new record into the "properties" table.
$property = new Property;
$property->owner_id = $user->id;
$property->name = 'Central Hotel';
$property->city_id = 4;
$property->address_street = '16-18, Argyle Street Camden';
$property->address_postcode = 'WC1H 8EG';
$property->lat = 51.529145;
$property->long = -0.1239401;
$property->save();