It's not clear to me what is the part you don't know how to do.
- You don't know how to make a sidebar accesible to all your pages?
- Don't know how to fetch data from a database within your Controller and render it on a page?
- Don't know how to dynamically render the menu based on the text and link fetched from database?
In any case, if you don't know any of those questions, or all three of them, you may want to take a look at Laravel from Scratch course:
If you know the basics but don't know how to create a layout to render the same sidebar in any page, maybe you can skip to the "Layout Pages" episode:
https://laracasts.com/series/laravel-6-from-scratch/episodes/14
Hope this helps!