Hi there :)
Firstly, I do not recommend using sudo to be running any artisan commands. Drop the use of sudo ^^
Secondly, do not edit config/database.php directly, the .env file in your root folder is where you should set your database information and that way when you check-in your config/ directory into version control, that information is private. Even if you are not using version control, it helps when moving your code between different environments.
Thirdly, you do not need to specify the port on DB_HOST as 3306 is the default. I would suggest dropping that too :)
So now you have your database details in your .env file. But it appears artisan is attempting to connect to 127.0.0.1 regardless. I suspect this is due to your use of sudo. Try again without it and ensure you are in the root directory of your project when running artisan.
Let us know how that goes ^^
--
To expand slightly further on the use of the env() function, this reads the values set in your .env file or an environment variable of the computer you are running the code on. Then if that value cannot be found, it drops back to the value given as a second parameter. Ergo you should not need to change anything in config/database.php.