One could be to upload your project with FTP, then run a composer install (never update on production), don't forget to update your .env file and "at least" set the debug option to false and the environment to production.
Check the storage folder permissions, run a composer dumpautoload -o, run a php artisan optimize and you should be ready to go :)
3 - yes, once you have uploaded your project (you should already have checked that on your dev env)
4 - I think I understand you don't use command line or don't have access to command line for your server? It may be hard to maintain your project. Anyway, my advise would be to ask you to not upload the vendor directory and to run the composer install command. It will install all required dependencies listed in your composer.json. Then run a composer dumpautoload -o command.
4.2 - If you don't know how to run shell commands or can't, so just upload out of the box your Laravel project.