no - those 'named routes' in your routes files are for Laravel on the server-side. Javascript on the client-side does NOT have access to the mechanisms to decode these.
You're best left to use the URI field from php artisan route:listto form your href entries in JS.
$ php artisan route:list
+---------------+---------------------+------------------+----------------+--------------+
| Method | URI | Name | Action | Middleware |
+---------------+---------------------+------------------+----------------+--------------+
| POST | api/markers | | Closure ...| api |
| GET|HEAD | api/subcat | subcat.index | App\Http\Con...| api |
| POST | api/subcat | subcat.store | App\Http\Con...| api |
| GET|HEAD | api/subcat/create | subcat.create | App\Http\Con...| api |
| GET|HEAD | api/subcat/{subcat} | subcat.show | App\Http\Con...| api |