Clarification on inner workings on inertia middleware

Trying https://github.com/piotr-jura-udemy/master-laravel-vue-fullstack

App/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php

public function store(Request $request)
{
    if (!Auth::attempt($request->validate([
        'email' => 'required|string|email',
        'password' => 'required|string'
    ]), true)) {
        throw ValidationException::withMessages([
            'email' => 'Authentication failed'
        ]);
    }

    $request->session()->regenerate();

    return redirect()->intended('/listing');
}

resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue

<div v-if="form.errors.email" class="input-error">{{ form.errors.email }}</div>

<script setup>
import { useForm, Link } from '@inertiajs/inertia-vue3'
const form = useForm({
  email: null,
  password: null,
})
</script>    

1. If $request->validate() or Auth::attempt() fail then when the exception is thrown it'll bubble down to the Inertia middleware where it gets 'caught' ?

2. Inertia middleware sends in the data from PHP and populates to Vue automatically ?