You could have a look into etags and cache-control.
Tell browser to cache
Is there a way to tell the browser (via your code) to cache your js/css files for x amount of time? Or is that just a browser setting the user has to set on their own browser?
I hear it being referred to by Jeffrey as if the developer has this power either via PHP or JS
You can send headers to the users browser to let the browser know which content can be cached and how long.
You could send these headers from PHP (Laravel) but not all content is served by PHP. If the user requests a css file it is probably served directly by your server. You can configure your server to send these headers on all requests (whether they are served by PHP or not) so that you have everything covered.
You probably want to search for "Cache-Control header".
Also, think about a mechanism to force reloading your css/js files if you upload new versions. This is commonly referred to as "cache busting".
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