Relation, use eloquent relations. Joins. unions, special cases, use query builder.
Just example of a query, where not using direct relations:
$quy = Powner::query()->leftJoin('dc_pets', 'dc_powners.ownerid', '=', 'dc_pets.ownerid')
->select('dc_powners.ownerid', 'dc_powners.oname')
->selectRaw('count(dc_pets.petid) as countOfPets')
->groupby('dc_powners.ownerid')
->orderby('dc_powners.oname')
->get();
Results basically give:
ownerid, oname, countOfPets
Like:
5|Bob|3
4|Greg|9
2|Rob|1
Eloquent has also all query builder techniques build in.