This data structure should help you make your associations.
Models: Categories (has many Tests) Tests (belongs to many Categories, has one Format) Formats (belongs to many Tests)
Tables: labtest_categories, labtests, report_formats
labtest_categories
id | name
labtests
id | category_id | format_id | content
report_formats
id | content
Tackle writing the CRUD first, set your relationships, once you build the basic crud frontend, then figure out how to go about the front end.
I would think you'll have more entropy based on how the labtests are related... like are they bound to clients, veterinarians? That's another level you'll want to consider.
Once you plan how to scope your data... just scope your front end however you need...
Labtests::where('category_id', 2);
Hope this helps.