Changing things with jQuery should really be a last resort most of the time.
If you look at the code for the render method of the Paginate class, it allows for an alternate presenter. You best bet would probably be to create your own presenter, and alter the markup generated by it.
/**
* Render the paginator using the given presenter.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\Presenter|null $presenter
* @return string
*/
public function render(Presenter $presenter = null)
{
$presenter = $presenter ?: new SimpleBootstrapThreePresenter($this);
return $presenter->render();
}