It sounds like the issue is related to the routes not being properly registered. You mentioned that you can see all of the Fortify routes when you run php artisan route:list, so it seems like the routes are being registered, but something is preventing them from working properly.
One thing you can try is to make sure that the FortifyServiceProvider is being registered in your config/app.php file. You can check this by looking for the Laravel\Fortify\FortifyServiceProvider::class entry in the providers array. If it's not there, you can add it and see if that helps.
Another thing you can try is to make sure that the Fortify middleware is being registered in your app/Http/Kernel.php file. You can check this by looking for the \Laravel\Fortify\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class entry in the $routeMiddleware array. If it's not there, you can add it and see if that helps.
If neither of these solutions work, you can try to debug the issue further by using the dd() helper function to inspect the $request object in the AuthenticatedSessionController class. You can add the following code to the store() method in the AuthenticatedSessionController class:
public function store(Request $request)
{
dd($request);
// ...
}
This will output the contents of the $request object to the browser, which should give you some more information about what is causing the issue.
I hope this helps!
