perhaps double check the .htaccess file and permission is configured accordingly...

if i remember correctly. on Ubuntu after install apache it not enable mod_rewrite by default so you should do it yourself. and may be add AllowOverride All to your apache config to enable .htaccess for config mod_rewrite

Unfortunately, They didn't work. I deleted everything. Install laravel project to VPS, and upload public, resource and routers folders via FTP. Now my index seems okay. But other pages start to giving 404 Not Found like below.

Not Found The requested URL was not found on this server.

Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu) Server at mahiryildizhan.com Port 80

Have you run sudo a2enmod rewrite on your VPS?

it won't help by repeating the same installation steps without knowing the root cause... the chance is the .htaccess is not working accordingly...

when you say it didn't work better list down what had you did and what didn't work.. and what are the errors so others can help you.... you are wasting people time and your own time as well...

It seems yes. when do it again, it says "Module rewrite already enabled"

I solved it. I added the below lines to my apache config file on VPS.

Rewrites for pretty URLs, better not to rely on .htaccess.

<Directory /path/to/our/public>
    <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
        Options -MultiViews
        RewriteEngine On
        RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
        RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
    </IfModule>
</Directory>