@leostereo The difference is the way they auth out of the box. Take a look at app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
If you are building an api... you should use the api routes. Using the api routes also prefixes your routes by default with /api. Where this gets really confusing is when you are building an SPA and want to use the API calls with your application and also develop a publicly documented API, or private developer API...
Basically, I would argue that you can plan this however you want. In general I tend to add my own files to RouteServiceProvider for internal ajax calls. I usually create an ajax.php and put my SPA routes there, put my API routes in API and my usually one or two web routes in web.php