Well this all depends on your specifications.
If you are working on a project from a client, normally first thing to do would be to take the business specifications from that client and start building your Database Relations from there.
You might also look into Spark, if it's a big project, to get you started on a solid foundation. https://spark.laravel.com/
If you are doing something for yourself, the best advise I would give you would be to start small, just the bare minimum. for example:
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categories table. Maybe do not build a parent-child relation as a start.
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products table. Start with a name and a price. connect it to the payment system you want to build first, and then start adding to the table things like discount, tax, vat, manufacturer, magazine, and so on...
You should check some of the e-commerce solutions for Laravel, so you can get an idea of what the others are doing:
You can check this tutorial that builds an e-commerce application from scratch, integrated with PayPal: https://www.codementor.io/pknerd/posts
Hope these help