You can probably put your whole application in there, you need to clear the cache on every deployment anyway. But normally I would start with just the vendor directory as well ;)
I heard a PHP talk by Rasmus L. (Creator of PHP), covering as well a few functions about PHP 7.4
He said that there will be performance improvements by preloading the framework, but not that drastically.
If i remember correctly, he said something about 10%.
(Maybe someone else has a source?)
This information is a few month old.
Preloading in 7.4 is built around opcache, which stores interpreter opcodes; not native instructions.
From the RFC:
It aims to provide users with the ability to trade in some of the flexibility that the conventional PHP model provides them, for increased performance. On server startup – before any application code is run – we may load a certain set of PHP files into memory - and make their contents "permanently available" to all subsequent requests that will be served by that server.