Level 28
Cronjobs are jobs you want to execute periodically. So if you want to do something every day (like calculate a report for example) you would use a cronjob and execute that job every day.
Queues are ways to move very long tasks from your requests. If you want to send an email and the user has to wait for the page to load until the email is sent he might get annoyed. So you push that action of sending the mail onto the queue. On your server runs a worker that looks into the queue for new jobs and executes them. So your user gets a fast result and your action will be handled anyway.
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