Did you manage to solve this? I have the same issue.
Laravel Sanctum expired session cookies pilling up, causing 431 HTTP Errors
Hi ! I have this project made of an Laravel API consumed by a separate Nuxt application. For the authentication i use Laravel Sanctum on the backend and Nuxt Auth on the frontend.
I'm having this weird issue (only happening in Firefox as of my testing) where a new "dead" cookie is added everytime i login.
First login, no issue, i have only two HttpOnly cookies.

After 5 login/logout attemps, i have now 8 HttpOnly cookies, and it keeps pilling up until i eventually get an 431 HTTP error code from nginx

I'm using the laravel app as an api only, with a separate nuxt app using the nuxt auth plugin configured for laravel sanctum. Everything works fine with Chrome, the cookies are not pilling up like on Firefox.
as for the domains of my app, in staging, the client uses "project.company.com", and the api "api.project.company.com"
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