How do I actually go about doing any of this from my remote machine?
- If you are using vscode, there is an extension Remote - SSH, you install it, and you can connect to the remote server over SSH, pick a directory (where your code is), and you can edit the code live, I don't recommend this method, unless the remote machine is not the production server, if it is the production server consider using
Gitto push and pull the code.
Where can I view error logs?
By default Laravel stores all the logs in storage/logs, and you can find all the documentation
How do I get oAuth information such as client secret?
If I understood you correctly, you want to use oAuth, Laravel have a first party package called Laravel Passport that provides a full OAuth2 implementation