Blimey... where to begin?
In the controller you are trying to return just the filepath? That is a text string, not an image/jpg
If you just hit that route in your browser, do you get the image path in return? Use Postman (https://www.getpostman.com/) if you need to generate a post request (but most would just code Route::get(/viewProfile/image/{id}) )
(infact what you should do is obfuscate the path so that someone cannot just crawl all the profile images - see https://philsturgeon.uk/http/2015/09/03/auto-incrementing-to-destruction/ )
You would use the content type header if you were actually streaming the image in the response.
Is this like a single page app where you are trying to get all the assets client side? Are you using some framework?