How to get Laravel Schedule Last Run Date?

From the documentation there are task events that you can use https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/scheduling#task-hooks

$schedule->command('emails:send')
         ->daily()
         ->before(function () {
             // The task is about to execute...
         })
         ->after(function () {
             // The task has executed...
         });

You could use the after hook to log to a file or update a value in the database