Maybe you can do something like this.
In console execute:
php artisan storage:link
This will make shortcut to your storage inside your public folder.
After that you can move uploaded image using:
note*: i assume your input type file has name "image" and don't forget to add enctype="multipart/form-data" to your form so upload is working
$request->image->storeAs('public/uploads', $filename);
note*: this will move your uploaded file to storage/app/public/uploads/ and will create this public/uploads if it doesn't exist
When you want to show the image on your view you can do it like this:
<img src="{{ asset('storage/uploads/'.$yourItem->image) }}">
I assume you save your full image name in database in column image and have that row from database available on view.