@dust You could pass it as an attribute within a render function.

// app.js
import Layout from './Layout'

createInertiaApp({
  resolve: name => {
    const pages = import.meta.glob('./Pages/**/*.vue', { eager: true })
    let page = pages[`./Pages/${name}.vue`]
    page.default.layout = page.default.layout || Layout
    return page
  },
  // ...
})

//web.php
Route::get('/page', function () {
    return Inertia::render('Page', [
        'data' => ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
    ]);
})->name('page');

<!--Page.vue-->
<script setup>
import Layout from '@/Layouts/Layout.vue';
import { h } from 'vue';

    defineOptions({
        layout: (h, page) => h(Layout, { data: page.props.data }, {
            default: () => page
        }),
    });

    const props = defineProps({
        data: Array
    });
<script>

<!--Layout.vue-->
<script setup>
defineProps({
    data: Array
})
</script>

<template>
		<ul>
             <li v-for="item in data">{{ item }}</li>
		</ul>        
        <slot />
</template>

<!--Result would be:
- a
- b
- c
- d
-->

Default Layouts