The issue was caused by an incorrect database password. Even though I had already copied/pasted the credentials multiple times, it seems there was a hidden character or formatting issue in the password.

I regenerated the password in cPanel, copied it again into .env, and the connection worked instantly. Sorry for that Thanks to everyone who took the time to help!

The issue was caused by an incorrect database password. Even though I had already copied/pasted the credentials multiple times, it seems there was a hidden character or formatting issue in the password.

I regenerated the password in cPanel, copied it again into .env, and the connection worked instantly. Sorry for that Thanks to everyone who took the time to help!