This is documented here: https://laravel.com/docs/12.x/authentication#redirecting-authenticated-users.

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware): void {
    $middleware->redirectUsersTo('/panel');

    // Using a closure...
    $middleware->redirectUsersTo(fn (Request $request) => route('panel'));
})

These changes should be made in the empty closure you will find in the bootstrap/app.php.

Muscle memory helps and once you're comfortable with the layout of a codebase, you'll be fine. Get a good IDE and remember helpful keyboard shortcuts; specific file search and recently edited files are two of the most useful shortcuts you'll ever use.

What problem are you trying to solve? Are you trying to get the schema for use elsewhere?

I imagine you're using v3 and older as the improvements to components and such in v4 solves this problem... however, I would recommend you simply abstract out the fields you need into a static method on a class. ToolbarActionForm or something, which has a static get method, which returns the array of the components you require.